Today, the Financial Times reported a significant development in the fight against online copyright piracy. The U.K. is reportedly ready to announce an agreement between copyright owners and ISPs under which UK ISPs will agree to work to achieve "a 'significant reduction'" in illegal file-sharing. As a first step, the proposal would have ISPs send warning letters to 1,000 prolific illegal downloader per week during the three-month trial period. If that fails to significantly reduce illegal file-sharing, other alternatives would be considered, including a variation of the graduated-response/three-strikes proposal that would eventually disconnect Internet access services of persons who ignore repeated warnings or--of course--another European media levy, this time on internet-access services.

Personally, I hope that the U.K. opts for the graduated-response option. I realize that the usual "public-interest" groups say that disconnecting infringing users after repeated warnings is unfair, but, seriously, as compared to what? Forcing copyright owners to incur thousands of dollars filing John Doe lawsuits that must then be recovered from the families of teenagers and students unless copyright enforcement is to become a money-loosing proposition? Putting college students in jail? Those are the options available to deter illegal file-sharing under existing U.S. law. Are these options honestly less punitive or more enlightened than a graduated-response program? And by the way, libraries also provide access to knowledge, but if you don't follow their rules, they will throw you out and revoke your borrowing privileges. Is that unfair?

Granted, these "public interest" groups may really think that suing teenagers and imprisoning college students are good ways to enforce copyrights on the Internet. For example, in MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., the Internet Archive, Project Gutenberg, and many associations of university and law-school librarians argued that for-profit corporations that encourage or dupe teenagers or students into downloading infringing files should not be held liable for the intended consequences of the business models that gave those corporations "no product costs to acquire music" and "the ability to get all the music." Why? Because these guardians of the public interest argued that the teenagers and college students that these corporations induced could just be sued into ruin by copyright owners or imprisoned by the United States Department of Justice. So remember, university students, if your file sharing causes you to receive a prelitigation letter or subpoena from a copyright owner--or a visit from the FBI--do be sure to say "thanks" to the Internet Archive, Project Gutenberg, and your campus librarians: They all told the Supreme Court that bankrupting or imprisoning you should be the preferred means of enforcing copyrights on the Internet....

But for those inclined to think seriously about how copyrights should be enforced on the Internet, this new U.K. proposal ought to be viewed as a wake-up call, though it need not be a roadmap for what we should do here. It should, however, remind us that we have a serious problem, and that we need to think seriously about how that problem ought to be resolved.

History suggests that if we do think seriously about all of the interests involved--consumers, copyright owners, artists, and ISPs--then we probably can identify means short of compulsory licensing or levies that can reconcile those interests and significantly reduce piracy. Consider, for example, the balance that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (the "DMCA") struck as to sites hosting user-generated content ("UGC").

UGC sites have enormous potential to encourage creative expression, but it would be difficult to imagine how they could operate were they governed by the strict-liability that copyright law has traditionally imposed upon distributors of expressive works. But simply exempting UGC site operators from liability for infringing third-party uses of their sites would only encourage piracy and shift copyright enforcement onto individual Internet users.

As result, the DMCA created a so-called "safe harbor" that exempts UGC site-operators from liability for monetary damages if they take several measures to redress or deter infringing third-party uses of their sites. The most important is the so-called "notice-and-takedown" requirement. It prescribes an iterative process of dispute identification and resolution. First, a copyright owner must notify a site operator of allegedly infringing content. The site operator must then take down the content and notify the subscriber who posted it. The subscriber must then decide whether to send a counter-notice to the site operator. If the subscriber sends a counter-notice, then the operator must restore access to the disputed content unless or until the copyright owner files a lawsuit and secures a court order requiring it to be taken down.

This takedown process can benefit all three parties--copyright owner, site operator, and even the allegedly infringing user. The copyright owner gains a means to halt infringing conduct that is faster and cheaper than a lawsuit. The site operator gains unprecedented protections against most infringement liability. The allegedly infringing user receives a warning about any potential conflict, and gets to chose whether to avoid or confront it. This takedown process has resolved countless potential disputes and prevented many lawsuits.

But make no mistake: The DMCA notice-and-takedown regime is not ideal--not for copyright owners, UGC-site operators, or UGC-site users. Copyright owners find themselves playing takedown-notice whack-a-mole in which the same infringing content is repeatedly taken down and re-posted. UGC site operators incur enforcement and response costs, and operators receiving too many notices may fail to qualify for the safe harbor. For users, the notice-and-takedown process may alert them to potential conflicts and let them decide whether to avoid them, but it may not always show them how to correct problems so the content can be safely re-posted.

Fortunately, Congress expected that even the imperfect incentives to cooperate imposed by the takedown process would encourage interested parties to devise innovative solutions superior to any contemplated back in 1998. See 17 U.S.C. § 512(i)(1)(B). Congress appears to have been right. Many copyright owners and UGC-site operators have entered into licensing agreements. Both YouTube and the parties to the Copyright Principles for UGC Sites are preparing to deploy advanced filtering technologies. The parties to the Principles are also devising more interactive dispute-resolution procedures. Consequently, not even important, backward-looking disputes like the Viacom-Google litigation should obscure the progress being made by copyright owners, UGC-site operators, and UGC-site users.

To be sure, the DMCA did not anticipate the rise of file-sharing piracy that cannot be reasonably redressed at the application level. Nor could the balance that the DMCA struck as to UGC sites just be "cut and pasted" into the context of access providers. Nevertheless, the case of UGC sites show that when the law has encouraged cooperative approaches--even imperfect ones--cooperation has occurred, improvements have been made, and enforcement lawsuits against consumers have been almost entirely avoided.

Finally, some will argue that the U.K. proposal is unfair to internet-access providers. That argument has weaknesses and strengths. To be sure, many claim that piracy has helped access-providers by driving demand for broadband access. For example, in Free Culture, Professor Lawrence Lessig argues, "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any other single application. It was the Internet's killer app.... It no doubt was the application that drove demand for bandwidth."

But while piracy may have been indirectly benefited some access providers, it has also imposed significant costs and inefficiencies. For example, from the perspective of efficient network management, most ISPs should cache popular downloads. But doing so is extremely risky. The DMCA's caching safe-harbor, (§512(b)), like its other provisions, envisioned a web-based Internet: Consequently, it does not seem to "harbor" the caching systems needed by file-sharing networks. Nevertheless, vague reports alleging the use of caching have surfaced ever since the 2004 study, Is P2P Dying or Just Hiding?

But in any case, a simple fact remains: Broadband Internet-access providers were not the ones who worked hard to ensure that file-sharing piracy would become a problem that could not be redressed at the application level. If those who did try to make that problem difficult to remediate now expect others to clean up their mess, then that is unjust.

Nothing makes this point more effectively than the written testimony provided recently to a congressional committee by Mr. Mark Gorton, "the founder and Chairman of LimeWire, LLC, the makers of the LimeWire file sharing program":

The regulatory framework that surrounds the Internet has not kept pace with technical advancements, and currently, no effective enforcement mechanisms exist to address illegal behavior on P2P networks.

Internet Service Providers, ISP's, are a unique point of control for every computer on the Internet. Universities frequently function as their own ISP's, and a handful of universities have implemented notice based warning systems that result in the disconnection of users engaged in illegal behavior who ignore multiple warnings. These universities have sharply reduced child pornography and copyright infringement on their campus networks.

Similar policies could be mandated for all ISP's in the United States. However, these policies are unpopular with the telecom and cable companies who would prefer not have an enforcement relationship with their paying customers. The telecom industry has objected vigorously to previous attempts to involve ISP's in the enforcement process and it continues to oppose policies that would allow for the establishment of moderate, yet effective enforcement mechanisms to combat illegal behavior on the Internet.

The only institution in the United States with the power to mandate the creation of an effective enforcement mechanism to police the Internet is the United States Congress.

I believe that careful thought would reveal viable solutions to the challenges of file-sharing piracy more creative and less prescriptive than those proposed by LimeWire. And if distributors of piracy-and-pornography-prone file-sharing programs now admit that they have knowingly created problems that can only be resolved by imposing significant costs on many third parties, including copyright owners, internet users, and internet-access providers, I would respectfully suggest that federal law-enforcement agencies should take such admissions into account. And send a message....

posted by Thomas Sydnor @ 10:22 PM | DMCA , Enforcement & Remedies , Free Culture Movement , Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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The NDN Globalization Initiative has released a report entitled "The Idea-Based Economy and Globalization: The Real Foundations of American Prosperity in the 21st Century," by Dr. Robert J. Shapiro.

He writes of the changing landscape of economic value:

Federal Reserve data show that since the mid-1990s, U.S. companies have invested as much in intangibles–mainly the intellectual property of patents and trademarks, as well as databases, branding, organizational changes and the training or human capital to use these ideas–as in physical assets, from equipment to land and buildings. For the first time, intangible assets are more important business investments than physical assets.

This shift is evident in the way U.S. and international investors value America’s public companies. In 1984, the market value of the physical assets of the top 150 U.S. public companies – their “book value” – accounted for 75 percent of the total value of their stocks. A firm was worth nearly what its plant, equipment and real estate could be sold for. By 2004, the book value of the top 150 U.S. corporations accounted for 36 percent of the total value of their shares. Nearly two-thirds of the value of large companies now comes from what they know and the ideas and relationships they own.

Continue reading NDN Globalization Initiative Report Out . . .

posted by Solveig Singleton @ 9:51 AM | International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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Musings on Nick Carr's latest book, from Jim Delong. Pertinent to various Google controversies.

posted by Solveig Singleton @ 2:32 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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This week, we released "Jargonomics: Intellectual Property Prices and Marginal Cost," Authored by Solveig Singleton. The paper argues that marginal cost should not be a factor in pricing or the basis of IP policy. My release on the paper can be found here.

In the paper, Solveig offers four "lessons" for policymakers regarding marginal cost:

- Prices set above marginal cost are not a sign of undue market power or monopoly due to intellectual property or anything else.
- Prices above marginal costs bring new investment and new competitors into the market in question.
- Setting prices at marginal cost (for example, in the context of compulsory licensing of music or pharmaceuticals) does not amount to setting the "right" price; only a market can do that.
- Insisting on static inefficiency in the short run reduces investment and undermines dynamic efficiency in the long run.

The paper is much too nuanced to properly summarize here - it can be found on the PFF website.

posted by Amy Smorodin @ 10:30 AM | Economics, Game Theory & Public Choice , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Prices, Terms, and Licensing

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Over on the Huffington Post, Jermaine Dupri sounds off about the state of the music business. Specifically, he has a big problem with artists being forced to offer singles and blames iTunes and "cherry picking" by consumers for the shift away from albums.

posted by Amy Smorodin @ 2:19 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music...

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In Silicon-Valley circles, Michael Arrington’s TechCrunch family of websites is known for encouraging entrepreneurial activity. In copyright-policy circles, TechCrunch is known for discouraging entrepreneurial activity. After all, Mr. Arrington published The Essential Guide to Piracy, which begins as follows:

“Piracy is an action sport. The ability to infringe copyright and steal valuable work induces a rush like no other. Whether you steal music, movies, books, applications, or whatever, it feels like breaking the law and it saves our wallets and purses from becoming empty.”

Gee, where do kids today get the idea that it is OK to engage in the sort of illegal free-riding that Justices Breyer, Stevens and O’Connor recently called “garden-variety theft”?

So TechCrunch thought that copyright piracy was cool. Then, it made a discovery: Hundreds of for-profit websites were “splogging”; they were selling advertisements by copying and re-posting TechCrunch’s original content without permission or attribution. In short, they were pirating from TechCrunch. TechCrunch thought this was not cool at all.

And that was very odd. According to Mr. Arrington, TechDirt should embrace “splogging”: After all, even if for-profit copying of TechCrunch’s original content destroyed TechDirt’s ad-based business model, TechCrunch could still cross-subsidize the production of its content by renting out Mr. Arrington for speaking engagements.

TechCrunch’s response to “splogging” indicates that it suspects that such cross-subsidization schemes are ill-considered utopian nonsense. It is difficult to disagree. Mr. Arrington can understand why our laws must encourage, support and protect the Silicon-Valley entrepreneurs who make the risky investments needed to bring us new gizmos. But he fails to understand why laws must also protect the entrepreneurs who make the risky investments needed to create the new content that makes new gizmos worth owning.

posted by Thomas Sydnor @ 10:29 AM | Enforcement & Remedies , Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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This Financial Times article describes how users are transforming innovation. Interesting. More alarming is Alec Van Gelder's comment that this will be widely misunderstood:

Unfortunately, I predict policy makers will take out all the good aspects of this - removing subsidies, ceasing to support national champions - and employ all of the bad ones, namely to decrease intellectual property protection. Clearly the authors fail to understand that open source business models are actually a result of a strong intellectual property platform, empowering rights-holders with the ability to determine for themselves how to exploit their property.

There is another aspect of the problem, too. Sometimes, users' interests run contrary to the interests of other groups of users, or of all users' interests in the long run. Suppose a producer figures out how to best provide a service, benefiting all users' by coming up with a mechanism to mostly exclude free riders. A determined group of free riders will supply demand for some third party to intrude upon the beneficial arrangement. Ordinarily, the original producer will respond in kind and restore the economic basis for production. But in some environments, or if the power of the free riders is political, that becomes very hard.

posted by Solveig Singleton @ 11:45 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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Some of the most interesting challenges for digital-age copyright policy arise from the growing popularity of user-generated content (UGC). UGC offers exciting new possibilities for people to create or interact with their favorite works, but it raises thorny problems that range from its potential to facilitate infringement to questions about reconciling the creative potential of UGC with other creators’ interests in the artistic integrity of their works.

Fortunately, one advantage of letting enforceable property rights generate markets for socially valuable goods and services is that markets require participants to find “win-win” solutions: In a market, a given transaction should occur only if all parties to it are better off as a result. Markets thus create potent incentives to reconcile divergent interests.

The solution-generating power of markets was evident today when a diverse coalition of technology and media companies released Copyright Principles for UGC Services. The Principles attempt to define a win-win-win solution: A set of ground rules that will promote respect for copyrights, the production of UGC, and the development of innovative platforms for promoting and distributing it. Key provisions of the Principles include the following:

1) UGC sites should use “highly effective” filtering technologies, or human review, to identify and remove infringing content before it is uploaded and enhance or update those technologies as significant advances become commercially available.

2) Copyright holders and UGC sites should cooperate to ensure that filtering systems effectively balance legitimate interests in blocking infringing uploads, allowing original or authorized uploads, and accommodating fair use.

3) Copyright holders and UGC sites should develop procedures to promptly address conflicting claims of ownership, and user’s claims that filtered content was not infringing.

4) Copyright holders should neither file infringement claims against UGC sites that adhere in good faith to the Principles nor assert that adherence to the Principles disqualifies a UGC site from claiming the benefits of safe-harbor protections like those in the DMCA.

At their core, the Principles seek cooperative solutions to the possibilities and challenges posed by UGC. For that, they should be applauded. When property rights are unclear, or not respected, we often resort to non-market-based dispute-resolution mechanisms—like litigation. But litigation does not promote win-win outcomes and may leave all parties worse off. Companies like Disney, Microsoft, NBC-Universal, MySpace, Daily Motion, CBS, Viacom, and Fox deserve great credit for this effort to identify solutions that balance their interests with those of creative consumers. Bravo.

posted by Thomas Sydnor @ 5:46 PM | DMCA , Enforcement & Remedies , Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Prices, Terms, and Licensing , Standards

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An insightful article by Andy Greenberg of Forbes on Radiohead's "pay what you want" experiment.

Free? Steal it Anyway

The article quotes Doug Litchtman, one of IPcentral's Academic Advisory Council members:

"But for Doug Lichtman, an intellectual property professor at the UCLA School of Law, the volume of piracy following In Rainbows' release erodes the success of Radiohead's innovation. "If the community rejects even forward-thinking experiments like this one, real harm is done to the next generation of experimentation and change," he says."

posted by Amy Smorodin @ 2:53 PM | Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music...

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Nick Carr's comments on CCIA's study of fair use include the following:

What the authors have done is to define the "fair-use economy" so broadly that it encompasses any business with even the most tangential relationship to the free use of copyrighted materials. Here's an example of the tortured logic by which they force-fit vast, multifaceted industries into the "fair use" category: Because "recent advances in processing speed and software functionality are being used to take advantage of the richer multi-media experience now available from the web," then the entire "computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing industry" qualifies as a "fair-use industry." As does the entire "audio & video equipment manufacturing" business. And the entire software publishing industry. And the entire telecommunications industry.

Oh dear. I think one could fairly count the Tivo, and a portion of some of the activity described above... anything involving parody, certainly.

Of course, there is a larger conceptual problem. Fair use is always fair use *of* something copyrighted... so do we add fair uses on to the value of copyright uses? There is a case to be made that the copyrighted materials--and the consequent fair use of them--would not exist in such abundance but for copyright. The logical response to that is, yes, but we wish to measure in particular the value of this particular *exception.* Fair enough, so long as one bears in mind the risk of the exception's swallowing the rule. Also, that a substantial part of the economic activity in question might well occur in similar form even without the exception, due to the growth of markets in snippets and bits and other licensed material for downstream use.

Empirical studes are funny things, aren't they?

SS

posted by Solveig Singleton @ 12:55 PM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , Economics, Game Theory & Public Choice , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 2:48 PM | Liberty and IP , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 9:30 AM | Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Legislation and Legislators , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Prices, Terms, and Licensing , Radio

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posted by James DeLong @ 2:35 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 12:07 PM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Theft of Service

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 9:10 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 10:38 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 3:46 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music... , Prices, Terms, and Licensing

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posted by Noel Le @ 2:22 PM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music...

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posted by James DeLong @ 2:10 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:56 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 7:00 AM | DMCA , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 12:02 PM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 10:51 AM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 7:08 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 10:30 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 4:00 PM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:28 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 3:06 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:51 AM | International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:05 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 5:38 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 2:29 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:15 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Noel Le @ 8:05 AM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 8:13 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 2:31 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 9:39 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Prices, Terms, and Licensing

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posted by Noel Le @ 8:17 AM | Academia , International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 11:15 AM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , Books , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 5:21 PM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 10:55 AM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , International , Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Legislation and Legislators , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 3:34 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 6:32 AM | Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 12:01 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , DMCA

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posted by James DeLong @ 9:31 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:09 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 4:00 PM | Academia , International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 8:52 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 12:54 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:22 AM | International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 10:19 AM | Academia , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Adam Thierer @ 3:16 PM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:46 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Adam Thierer @ 3:59 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 12:50 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music...

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:01 AM | Accounting , Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 4:20 PM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , DMCA , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Adam Thierer @ 12:55 PM | Games , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:41 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:24 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 8:28 AM | DMCA , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Amy Smorodin @ 3:10 PM | Art , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 10:55 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:13 AM | Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 8:00 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:21 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 1:08 PM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , Analog Holes , DMCA , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Free Culture Movement , Legislation and Legislators , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 11:02 AM | International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 9:03 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 3:56 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 12:46 PM | DMCA , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:04 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 8:00 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:49 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:37 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 12:29 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by James DeLong @ 9:34 AM | International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 12:37 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 12:27 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 11:27 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 3:44 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 6:37 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Adam Thierer @ 12:55 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 12:09 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Noel Le @ 5:41 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Software

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posted by Noel Le @ 11:15 AM | Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 1:16 PM | Academia , Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , Big Tent , DMCA , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by James DeLong @ 9:15 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 10:29 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:41 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 6:29 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 10:26 AM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 11:29 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 9:54 AM | Academia , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Noel Le @ 3:45 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 1:48 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 8:58 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Noel Le @ 2:40 PM | Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 12:00 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 3:36 PM | DMCA , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 7:48 AM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 10:19 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 2:35 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 8:46 PM | Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Noel Le @ 1:19 PM | Academia , Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Noel Le @ 3:07 PM | Academia , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by Noel Le @ 11:07 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 9:23 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Noel Le @ 2:59 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 3:48 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:08 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 9:58 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 3:13 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 2:55 PM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music...

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:59 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 3:39 PM | Accounting , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:44 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 6:32 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 12:45 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 10:44 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 4:22 PM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Free Culture Movement , Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music... , Prices, Terms, and Licensing

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posted by James DeLong @ 4:04 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 9:45 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Prices, Terms, and Licensing

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posted by James DeLong @ 9:27 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Amy Smorodin @ 1:23 PM | Art , Legislation and Legislators , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Amy Smorodin @ 1:44 PM | Art , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 8:33 AM | Academia , Biotech , Liberty and IP , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Patents , Supreme Court

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 8:00 AM | Liberty and IP , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Pharma

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posted by James DeLong @ 3:05 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 12:56 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 9:11 PM | International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 12:45 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 2:05 PM | Antitrust , International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Software

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posted by Amy Smorodin @ 10:01 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:29 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:49 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 9:11 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 3:08 PM | Academia , General , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 3:03 PM | Academia , General , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 2:58 PM | Academia , General , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 2:48 PM | Academia , General , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:35 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:19 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:16 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 9:12 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Software

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 8:38 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Software

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 7:51 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Software

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 1:43 PM | Art , Big Tent , Liberty and IP , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Solveig Singleton @ 10:28 AM | Big Tent , International , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Standards

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:48 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 8:21 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 4:47 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 12:28 PM | DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Internet: P2P, Search Engines... , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:15 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 9:22 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 4:14 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music...

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 7:04 PM | Free Culture Movement , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Prices, Terms, and Licensing

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posted by James DeLong @ 11:09 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 9:08 AM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by James DeLong @ 1:15 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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posted by Patrick Ross @ 6:34 PM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain , DRM & Watermarks, etc. , Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation , Media: Video, Music...

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posted by James DeLong @ 12:36 PM | Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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