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02.14.2007 (previous | next)
"Assume Content"

In a recent post a commenter whose organization is not in line with me on IP nonetheless was kind enough to acknowledge what he called my "cogent and forceful advocacy on behalf of the principles in which you believe." I'm not sure I'm always cogent, but I do believe passionately in IP first principles, and it's nice to have that acknowledged by someone who has other views.

I was reflecting on this and something else during my ice-filled adventure drive to work this morning. The other thing was something I heard a smart woman in the content business say yesterday, namely that members of Congress recognize the economic engine that is our creative industries, an engine that creates jobs, boosts the GDP and boasts a favorable balance of trade. MPAA's The Business of Show Business highlighted that last week, and I listed some of those figures.

For a member of Congress, that's probably enough to recognize the value of IP. But as I work in an academic setting, I can take it one step further.

Why do we make movies, music and video games that are so good the world is desperate to consume them? After all, no one pirates something not worth watching, listening to or playing. Is there something about Americans that makes them that much more creative, that much more inspired? If this blog were a country song I'd sing "Damned Straight!" right about now. But as much as I'd love to believe we Americans are especially blessed, the evidence points to the contrary.

First, not all successful artists in this country are Americans by birth. We have many foreign-born musicians, game makers, directors and actors here (it seems half of our comedians are Canadian). Shakira shook it up at the Grammys Sunday night; she felt being a Latin American sensation wasn't enough so she's here in the U.S. singing in English. So that suggests our favorable environment for creation, of which IP is a critical part, draws artists. But what of works produced elsewhere?

In the last decade Mexico has stepped up its implementation of and enforcement of IP laws. Is it any coincidence that Mexican-made movies could dominate the Oscars? The friends I made while in Brazil last year would say no. I kept being told that given Brazil's lax enforcement of IP laws and the lack of consistent rule of law (key to investment in future endeavors) there was simply no motivation to create if your ambition lay beyond just taking pleasure in people enjoying your work. If monetary reward was important to you, your best bet was to pull a Shakira and head north.

All of this comes back to the Progress Clause, to providing incentives for the creative element in our society. It's fine if groups out there want to fight for consumers' "freedom" to use creative works however they please, to fight for consumers' "rights" to exercise full control over a work even if they've only paid for a certain set of rights. But I'm reminded of a phrase my colleague Adam uses when describing those seeking to regulate telecom services. He says they seem to begin with this premise: "Assume a network." Jim and I like to borrow Adam's phrase (fair use?) and say that those focused on the end-user of creative works begin with this premise: "Assume content."* That's a pretty big assumption.

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* Note that I use the phrase "creative works" rather than content; a director at last week's MPAA event said he didn't like the word "content," it seemed too much like a commodity. He's right. Content is what you get in a cereal box; a creative work is something that could only have come from that creator or collaboration of creators; there is no other creative work exactly like it, unlike corn flakes.

posted by Patrick Ross @ 11:45 AM | Access: Commons, Fair Use, Orphan Works, Public Domain, Comments from Readers, International, Markets: Business, Investment & Innovation

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Comments

I get your organization supports strict copyright laws and DRM because it faciliates innovative business models and allows IP holders to get paid. I fail to understand why you don't also support ownership of other IP concepts like language, numbers and music notes.

Imagine the possiblities for individual ownership of letters, words, and musical notes! People would have to pay to the owner of the letter "e" whenever they wrote the word "the" or that they couldn't use the C note in a sound recording without their permission.

But unfortunately, pirates would wonton steal this IP and the owners would be so much poorer. We need government help to foster new business models.

To get around this "market failure" we would need strong DRM that prevented pirates from using letters, numbers, words, and notes as their own without paying up. Only, then can the owners be secure in the knowledge their efforts have be rewarded.

Posted by: brian at February 14, 2007 12:36 PM

***I fail to understand why you don't also support ownership of other IP concepts like language, numbers and music notes.***

Uhhh, those are not "IP concepts," and they don't fall in the class of protectable subject matter.

I gather Brian, that your post is not serious, so I'm not going to reply further.

Posted by: Noel Le at February 14, 2007 1:34 PM

Noel, I think there's a point behind Brian's sarcasm. Patrick's point seems to be that an expansion of "protectable subject matter" leads to increased production and quality of that subject matter. So, to take another example, a copyright-like database protection law such as the EU Database Directive ought to lead to more and better databases being generated in Europe, as compared to the US which has no such protection.

In other words, is Patrick saying that all expansions of IP-like rights leads to better incentives to create, or only that stronger enforcement of existing copyright laws does so?

Incidentally, I agree with Patrick that referring to copyrighted works as "content" suggests that a song or movie is a fungible commodity. Unfortunately, the small number of companies producing most of our commercial music and video entertainment treat the artists' work as exactly that.

Posted by: John Gordon at February 14, 2007 3:16 PM

John,

I do not believe I was calling for an expansion of protectable subject matter, unless you are referring to developing nations that do not protect the work of their native creators to the extent we do. In some cases there the expansion would be from zero, so that would be welcomed by local creators.

As for database protection, I have never been comfortable with efforts to introduce that here in the US, despite my recognition that much work is involved in some databases; I once worked for a company that saw much of its revenue wiped out due to outside copying of a database that took a dozen people a year to assemble. I think there are ways to encourage such efforts short of expanding copyright law to the extent that facts could find themselves copyrighted. That is a dangerous place.

The post by Brian made little sense because I was talking about encouraging creation. You cannot create a new note; they are merely sound frequencies. It makes no sense to claim copyright over a note you did not create, such as Middle C. You likewise cannot claim copyright over a letter you did not create (although Bert from Sesame Street might have wanted to copyright his favorite letter, "W") but you could create a new letter and claim trademark on it; I suspect that is what Prince did with that odd symbol he likes to use.

And yes, at times the distributors of creative works may not seem to appreciate just how special those works are as far as their creativity is concerned. But that does not mean we should dilute what protections exist for those creators.

Posted by: Patrick Ross at February 14, 2007 3:33 PM

Let me use this opportunity to chime in and say, yes, your advocacy is not only cogent and forceful, it's VERY appreciated. Hopping onto this site from all the droning, illogical anti-IP chatter on the Web is like getting a big, deep breath of clean air.

On another administrative note: I see there's another commenter who posts as "Tom," a handle I've used here. Given that The Other Tom and I are on opposite sides of this issue, I'll start using the full Tomas. Hopefully my existing "Tom" comments -- including a couple in a post that appears above this one on the main page -- have not caused confusion.

Posted by: Tomas at February 17, 2007 1:25 PM








 
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